A Multi-domain Thermo-fluid Approach to Optimizing HVAC Systems

This document explores the development of a high-fidelity multi-domain vehicle thermal model in Dymola and Modelica to analyse and optimise automotive HVAC system performance, cabin comfort, and energy consumption.

The research integrates detailed thermo-fluid air conditioning models, multi-zone cabin airflow and thermal models, vehicle powertrain systems, and advanced glazing and insulation technologies to evaluate their impact on cabin soak temperatures, pulldown performance, warm-up behaviour, and HVAC energy demand. Using validated simulations and climatic wind tunnel test data from a luxury 4×4 vehicle, the study demonstrates how LowE and infrared reflective glazing technologies can significantly reduce solar heat gain, improve occupant comfort, lower air conditioning loads, and potentially improve overall vehicle fuel efficiency while reducing development time through virtual testing and optimisation workflows.